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[(w)15.3(e)0(r)25.5(e)-192.3(ca)24.3(l)16.1(c)0(u)25.4(l)16.1(at)25.3(ed)-181.9(a)15(s)-191(t)16.1(h)0(e)-181.9(a)15(re)25.5(a)-192.3(u)16.2(nd)26.6(e)15(r)-191.1(th)26.5(e)-192.3(c)0(u)25.4(r)16.2(ve)-181.9(o)16.2(f)-191.1(th)26.5(e)-192.3(r)16.2(at)25.3(io)-180.9(b)16.2(e)15(tw)25.6(e)15(e)0(n)]TJ
T*
[(lu)26.5(m)15(i)0(n)26.5(e)15(sc)25.6(e)15(n)0(c)25.4(e)-353.6(a)15(n)0(d)-336.3(a)0(b)25.4(s)0(o)26.8(r)0(b)26.6(a)15(nc)25.4(e)15(.)-354.8(T)15(h)16.2(es)25.6(e)-353.6(c)15(al)25.3(c)15(u)0(l)26.5(a)0(t)25.3(i)16.1(on)26.6(s)-352.2(m)15(in)26.5(i)16.1(m)0(i)25.2(z)15(ed)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(d)16.2(i)0(s)26.7(s)0(i)26.7(m)0(i)25.2(l)16.1(ar)25.5(it)26.3(i)16.1(e)0(s)-227.8(c)15(a)15(u)0(s)26.8(e)0(d)-222.2(b)0(y)-226.8(d)16.2(i)16.1(f)0(f)26.7(e)0(r)25.5(e)15(nc)25.4(es)-222(in)-227(g)16.2(r)16.2(o)0(w)25.7(t)0(h)-221.2(r)0(a)25.5(t)0(e)25.3(s)0(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 262.9417 238.7905 Tm
-.0169 Tc
(26,27)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 211.2377 Tm
0 Tc
[(V.)-336.6(harveyi)-333.8(postirradiation)-336.2(biolm)-332.7(generation)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 194.7968 Tm
[(V.)-264.9(harveyi)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.4062 0 TD
[(biolm)-267.1(generation)-268.2(was)-270.1(performed)-266.8(as)-268.1(described)]TJ
-5.4199 -1.1116 TD
[(by)-255.6(Soni)-257.8(et)-256.9(al.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 114.2929 188.2204 Tm
(28)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 124.2141 183.8551 Tm
[(Polystyrene)-262(48-well)-257.6(plates)-256.7(\(Nunc,)-258.6(Denmark\))]TJ
-6.3184 -1.1174 TD
[(were)-474.1(seeded)-470.7(with)-472.1(50)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
9.037 0 TD
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
[(L)-468.8(o)0(f)-468.7(irradiated)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
6.7101 0 TD
[(V.)-472.3(harveyi)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.8151 0 TD
(cultures)Tj
-21.1151 -1.1116 TD
(\(OD)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 79.4834 160.2708 Tm
(595)Tj
/F14 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 90.5386 161.9149 Tm
(*)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
1.0022 0 TD
[(0.5\))-467.5(supplement)-8.9(ed)-469.9(with)-472.1(450)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
12.0147 0 TD
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
[(L)-468.8(o)0(f)-468.7(thiamine)-473.5(and)]TJ
-16.467 -1.1116 TD
[(riboavin)-189.7(AB)-188.4(medium.)-186.6(Incubation)-186.4(was)-189.5(performed)-191.9(at)-187.8(30)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
21.8754 0 TD
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
[(C)-186.4(for)]TJ
-22.2728 -1.1174 TD
[(24)-169.2(h,)-355.9(after)-365(which)-359(the)-361.7(biolms)-360.2(were)-364.7(washed)-361(twice)-360.3(carefully)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(using)-374.1(500)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
4.2103 0 TD
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
[(L)-370.9(o)0(f)-376.5(saline)-377.6(solution.)-375.3(The)-380(biolm)-376.6(samples)-373.9(were)]TJ
-4.7633 -1.1116 TD
[(then)-195.8(subjected)-203.5(to)-192.4(DNA)-201.7(quantication)-202.5(as)-193.2(described)-203.4(hereunder.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 94.9039 Tm
[(V.)-336.6(harveyi)-333.8(biolm)-332.7(biomass)-333.4(quantication)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 78.463 Tm
[(D)15.3(N)15.3(A)-439.7(e)15(x)0(t)26.5(r)16.2(a)15(c)0(t)25.3(i)16.1(o)16.2(n)-438.8(an)25.4(d)-438.8(q)16.2(u)16.2(a)15(nt)26.5(i)16.1()16.3(ca)24.3(t)16.1(i)16.1(o)0(n)-428.4(o)16.2(f)-438.8(s)16.4(a)15(m)0(p)25.4(l)16.1(e)15(s)-438.6(we)24.6(r)16.2(e)-440(p)16.2(e)15(r-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
-.0158 Tc
[(fo)-15.8(r)10.8(med)-541(as)-535.1(de)-15.8(s)9.8(c)-.8(ri)-15.8(b)10.7(e)-.8(d)-535.3(p)-15.8(r)10.8(e)-.8(vi)-15.8(o)10.7(u).4(sl)-15.8(y)10.7(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 192.4157 71.8866 Tm
-.0239 Tc
(29)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 204.7747 67.5212 Tm
-.0162 Tc
[(In)-541.4(bri)-16.2(e)9.1(f)0(,)-538(160)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
5.5581 0 TD
0 Tc
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5357 0 TD
[(L)-520.7(N)15.3(aO)24.6(H)]TJ
-20.5967 -1.1116 TD
[(\()16.2(0)0(.)30(0)0(5)-140.4(M)15.3(\))-352.4(\()16.2(B)15.2(i)16.1(o)-352.4(L)15(a)15(b)-352.4(L)15(t)16.1(d)16.2(.)13.9(,)-349(J)16.4(er)25.5(u)16.2(s)16.4(al)25.3(e)15(m)15(,)-349(Is)26.8(r)16.2(a)15(el)25.3(\))-346.6(a)0(n)25.4(d)-346.7(40)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
20.0899 0 TD
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5357 0 TD
.3479 Tc
[(Ld)347.9(i)374.4(e)362.9(t)364(h)347.9(y)374.5(l)]TJ
4.8785 67.9242 TD
-.0157 Tc
[(p)-15.7(r)10.9(yro)-15.7(c)9.7(a)-.7(rb)-15.7(o)10.9(n).5(ate)-323.2(\().5(DEP)-15.7(C)10(\)-t)-15.7(r)10.8(eat)-15.7(e)9.6(d)-316.3(wat)-15.7(e)9.6(r)-316.3(\()-15.7(B)9.9(i).4(o)-316.3(B)-15.7(a)8.7(s).7(ic)-323.2(Canad)-15.7(a)-307(Inc)-15.7(,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.0155 Tc
[(M)-15.5(a)9(rkh)-15.5(a)9.9(m)-.5(,)-456.7(O)-15.5(n)10.2(t).5(ar)-15.5(i)11(o).7(,)-462.4(C)-.3(ana)-15.5(d)9.9(a\))-460.1(wer)-15.5(e)-450.8(adde)-15.5(d)-450.8(t).6(o)-460.1(eac)-15.5(h)-450.8(w)-.2(ell)-460.2(c)-15.5(o)9.9(n).7(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
-.016 Tc
[(t)-16(a)9.3(ini)-16(n)10.5(g)-581.5(w)-.7(ashe)-16(d)-566.5(b)-16(i)10.5(o).2(l)-16(m)9.2(.)-578.1(Aft)-16(e)9.3(r)-575.8(1)-172.6(h)-575.8(o)-16(f)-565.3(i)-16(n)10.5(c)-1(uba)-16(t)9.3(i)0(on)-581.5(at)-581.7(60)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
23.01 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.3801 0 TD
(C,)Tj
-23.3902 -1.1116 TD
[(18)26.6(.)13.9(5)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
1.8604 0 TD
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5357 0 TD
-.016 Tc
[(L)-473.3(o)-16(f)-461.7(T)-1(ri)-16(s)-461.6(b).2(u)-16(f)10.6(fer)-477.8(\(pH)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
8.8815 0 TD
0 Tc
(=)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
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[(7)16.2(\))-456.1(\(E)25.4(a)15(s)16.4(t)16.1(m)15(an)-446.9(K)15.3(o)16.2(da)25.4(k)-456.1(c)15(om)25.4(p)16.2(a)15(n)16.2(y)0(,)]TJ
-11.9859 -1.1116 TD
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[(R)-15.5(o)10.1(ches)-15.5(t)11.2(e)-.5(r,)-324.2(NY\))-321.8(was)-321.7(a)-15.5(d)9.9(d).7(ed)-321.9(to)-321.9(eac)-15.5(h)-306.8(o)-15.5(f)-305.6(t)-15.5(h)11(e)-323(sampl)-15.5(e)9.8(s)-321.7(a)-.5(nd)-321.9(sto)-15.5(r)11.1(ed)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
0 Tc
(in)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
1.0886 0 TD
(-)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5357 0 TD
-.0162 Tc
(20)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
.9676 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
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-.0162 Tc
[(C)-335.1(unti)-16.2(l)-323.9(furt)-16.2(h)10.3(e)-1.2(r)-334(u)0(s)-16.2(e)9.4(.)]TJ
-1.9641 -1.1116 TD
-.0226 Tc
[(DNA)-347.1(q)5.1(u)-.7(ant)5(i)-.8(cation)-346.2(w)-1.5(as)-346(perf)5.1(ormed)-346.2(b)-.7(y)-346.2(i)-.8(mplementi)5(n)-.7(g)-346.2(quan-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
-.0218 Tc
[(titat)5.8(i)0(ve)-496.4(P)6.1(C)-.9(R)-496.2(w)-.7(it)5.8(h)-495.2(p).1(rimers)-495(f)5.9(o).1(r)-495.2(16S)6.1(r)-495.2(R)-.9(NA)-496.1(u)5.9(s).3(ing)-495.2(A)5(BI)-495.2(pri)5.8(s).3(m)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(instr)5.9(u).1(men)5.9(t)-288(\(Appli)5.8(e)-1(d)-287.8(B)4.9(iosys)6.1(t)0(ems)-281.9(P).3(ri)5.8(sm)-289.1(7)5.9(300,)-284.4(Fo)5.9(ster)-282.1(City)5.9(,)-284.4(C)-.9(A\).)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
-.0215 Tc
[(Samp)6.2(les)-517.7(w)5.3(ere)-519.1(q).4(u)6.2(a)-.7(nti)6.1().6(ed)-517.9(a)5(ccor)6.2(d).4(ing)-512.2(t).3(o)-517.9(t).3(he)-513.3(spec)5(ic)-519.1(s).6(t)6.1(a)-.7(nda)5(rd)]TJ
T*
-.0224 Tc
[(curve.)-400.2(Total)-398(g)-.5(enomic)-399(DNA)-398.7(was)-397.7(e)-1.6(xt)5.2(ract)5.2(ed)-397.9(fro)5.3(m)-399.1(a)-1.6(n)-397.9(overnig)5.3(ht)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.0217 Tc
[(cultu)6(re)-237.1(o)6(f)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
3.8878 0 TD
-.0211 Tc
[(V.)-231.9(h)6.6(a).8(rve)5.4(y)-.3(i)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.1355 0 TD
-.0223 Tc
[(BB120)-230.7(usi)5.3(n)-.4(g)-236.5(G)4.5(enEl)5.3(ute)-231.9(B)-1.4(act)5.3(erial)-236.6(G)-1.2(enomic)]TJ
-8.0233 -1.1116 TD
-.0219 Tc
[(DNA)-357.9(kit)-357.2(\()5.8(Sigma)-358.2(A)-.8(ldr)5.8(i)-.1(ch,)-353.6(S).2(t.)-353.6(L)]TJ
12.3603 0 TD
-.0228 Tc
[(oui)4.8(s,)-360.3(MO\).)-360.3(Extracted)-358(g)-.9(enomic)]TJ
-12.3603 -1.1116 TD
-.0215 Tc
[(DNA)-334.5(f)6.2(o).4(r)-333.6(t).3(h)6.2(e)-334.8(st)6.1(anda)5(rd)-333.6(cu)6.2(rve)-329(a)-.7(nal)6.1(y).4(sis)-333.4(w)5.3(as)-333.4(st)6.1(ored)-327.9(at)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
20.182 0 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5241 0 TD
-.0219 Tc
(20)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
.9561 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.3744 0 TD
-.0267 Tc
(C.)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 560.7495 Tm
0 Tc
[(V.)-336.6(harveyi)-333.9(bacterial)-332.9(motility)-338.7(assay)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 544.3085 Tm
[(Motility)-488.4(assays)-492.2(were)-491.4(performed)-491.4(on)-491.8(soft)-488.1(agar)-490.5(plates)-487.1(as)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(descri)-8.8(bed)-269.4(previously)-277.2(with)-270.5(some)-277.3(modications.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 497.8204 537.7322 Tm
(30)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 507.855 533.3668 Tm
[(Cultures)-276(of)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
-19.7904 -1.1174 TD
[(V.)-512.6(harveyi)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.8958 0 TD
[(after)-514.7(overnight)-512.4(incubation)-509.1(\(OD)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 491.4707 520.7243 Tm
(595)Tj
/F14 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 502.5826 522.3683 Tm
(*)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.9964 0 TD
[(0.5\))-513.6(were)]TJ
-20.2511 -1.1116 TD
[(irradi)-8(ated)-289.1(at)-297.2(four)-292.3(output)-289.1(powers)-296.4(\(0.5,)-292.4(1.5,)-291.3(2.5,)-291.3(and)-292.4(4)-168.1(W)0(\))-292.4(and)]TJ
T*
[(inoculated)-331.7(immediately)-335.4(on)-324.7(plates)-331.5(containing)-330.5(0.2%)-324.6(agar)-329.2(AB)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(medium.)-244.2(After)-243.8(an)-239.5(incubation)-244.1(period)-238.3(of)-238.3(18)-169.2(h)-237.2(a)0(t)-239.6(3)0(0)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
19.5542 0 TD
()Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.3974 0 TD
[(C,)-241.7(motility)]TJ
-19.9516 -1.1116 TD
[(halos)-369.5(were)-364.7(recorded)-369.3(and)-367.3(measured)-370.4(using)-362.5(Image)-366.1(J)-363.8(software)]TJ
T*
[(\(National)-341.8(Institute)-333.9(of)-336.2(Health,)-336(New)-334.5(York\).)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 445.6629 Tm
[(Statistical)-342.4(analysis)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 429.2219 Tm
[(All)-263.6(exp)12.8(er)14(ime)11.5(nts)-262.4(wer)12(e)-267.2(con)12.8(duc)12.8(ted)-258(in)-267.3(tri)13.8(pli)13.7(ca)12.8(tes)12.9(.)-274.1(D)0(e)13(scr)13(ipt)13.7(ive)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(sta)12.9(tis)13.9(tic)12.6(s)-375.3(wer)12(e)-376.6(cal)11.5(cu)13.9(lat)12.6(ed)-372(usi)14(ng)-370.8(a)-370.9(one)12.8(-wa)12(y)-375.5(ana)11.6(lys)14(is)-365(of)-370.8(var)12.8(i-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(anc)11.7(e)-497.6(wit)12.8(h)-490.7(a)-497.6(two)13(-wa)12(y)-490.7(sig)14(ni)14(can)11.7(ce)-488.3(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
15.2229 0 TD
(p)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
.6624 0 TD
(<)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.7142 0 TD
[(0.0)11.6(5\))-486(\(IB)13(M)-497.3(SPS)14.5(S,)]TJ
-16.5995 -1.1116 TD
[(ver)12.8(sio)14(n)-329.4(21,)-316.7(Chi)12.8(cag)11.7(o,)-321.3(IL\))12.8(.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 374.3999 Tm
(Results)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
0 -1.8336 TD
[(V.)-336.6(harveyi)-333.9(postirradiation)-336.2(growth)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 341.518 Tm
[(Growth)-555.6(of)-549.3(planktonic)-555.1(bacteria)-549.3(was)-552.3(monitored)-553.9(by)-549.4(OD)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(measureme)-11(nt)-376.7(every)-382.2(30)-163.5(min)-384.8(for)-377.6(18)-169.2(h.)-378.9(Recorded)-381.9(growth)-382(pat-)]TJ
T*
[(terns)-588.3(of)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
3.9569 0 TD
[(V.)-581.7(harveyi)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
5.0455 0 TD
[(inoculums)-588.3(are)-587.3(presented)-589.3(in)-584.1(Fig.)-588.4(1.)]TJ
-9.0024 -1.1174 TD
[(Growth)-463.5(curves)-463.7(of)-457.2(treated)-466.4(bacteria)-462.9(demonstrated)-467.2(a)-457.3(pattern)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(similar)-396.2(to)-388.2(the)-390.5(untreated)-393.8(controls.)-393.6(For)-389(all)-390.6(study)-391.3(groups,)-395.7(the)]TJ
T*
[(exponential)-332.8(phase)-324.4(was)-327.7(evident)-327.1(from)-322.3(3.5)-322.4(up)-324.7(to)-324.9(12)-169.2(h,)-321.3(and)-327(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(statio)-8(nary)-299.3(phase)-307.1(reached)-306.1(an)-302.9(average)-306.1(OD)-303.4(of)-301.7(0.74)-300.5(at)-303(18)-169.2(h,)-298.3(for)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(all)-338.8(groups)-334.7(with)-333.8(no)-330.5(signicant)-335.9(differences)-339.2(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
17.6477 0 TD
(p)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
.6681 0 TD
(>)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(0.05\).)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 242.8724 Tm
[(V.)-336.6(harveyi)-333.9(biolm)-332.7(biomass)-339.7(quantication)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 226.4315 Tm
[(To)-418.1(determine)-423.8(whether)-425.7(growth)-422.3(patterns)-420.1(were)-422.3(affected)-422.5(in)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(biolm)-457.2(form,)-446.7(quantitative)-455.1(PCR)-454.5(was)-454.4(employed)-450.2(on)-451.4(biolm)]TJ
T*
[(sampl)-7.8(es)-268.1(grown)-271.3(for)-268.2(24)-169.2(h)-266(from)-270.5(irradiated)-274(samples)-276(\(Fig.)-272.7(2\).)-264.8(No)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(signicant)-318.6(differences)-316.1(were)-312.8(observed)-310.4(between)-317.5(study)-310.7(groups)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(and)-407.6(untreated)-411.1(controls,)-405.1(with)-408.7(an)-406.5(average)-404(of)-405.3(15.07)-169.1(ng/)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
21.8869 0 TD
(l)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
.5529 0 TD
.4055 Tc
[(Lo)405.5(f)]TJ
-22.4398 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(bacterial)-343.2(DNA)-334.2(\()]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
6.7965 0 TD
(p)Tj
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